Iindaba

Ngelixa izikrufu zisenokungaziwa, zifumana indlela eya kulwakhiwo, izinto zokuzonwabisa, kunye nokwenziwa kwefenitshala. Ukususela kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana neendonga zokubumba kunye nokwenza iikhabhinethi ukwenza iibhentshi zokhuni, ezi zibophelelo ezisebenzayo zibamba yonke into kunye. Ke ukukhetha izikrufu ezifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho kubalulekile.
I-screw aisle kwivenkile yakho yasekhaya yehardware izaliswe ziinketho ezibonakala zingenasiphelo. Kwaye nantsi isizathu: iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikrufu ziyafuneka kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Okukhona uchitha ixesha elininzi uhlanganisa kwaye ulungisa izinto ezijikeleze indlu, kokukhona uya kuqhelana nezi ntlobo zintlanu zilandelayo zezikrufu kwaye ufunde ukuba ungalusebenzisa nini kwaye njani uhlobo ngalunye.
Funda ukuze ufunde malunga neentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-screws, kunye neentloko ze-screw kunye neentlobo ze-screwdrivers. Ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso, uya kufunda indlela yokuxelela iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwenye, wenze uhambo lwakho olulandelayo ukuya kwivenkile yehardware ngokukhawuleza.
Ekubeni izikrufu ziqhutywa emthini nakwezinye izinto, izenzi “ukuqhuba” kunye “nezikrufu” zixhomekeke kwezinye xa zibhekisa kwizibophelelo. Ukuqinisa isikrufu kuthetha nje ukusebenzisa itorque efunekayo ukujija kwisikrufu. Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izikrufu zibizwa ngokuba zii-screwdrivers kwaye ziquka ii-screwdrivers, i-drills / screwdrivers, kunye neempembelelo zokuqhuba. Uninzi luneengcebiso ezinobuchwephesha bokunceda ukubamba isikrufu endaweni ngexesha lokufakwa. Uhlobo lwe-Screwdriver lubonisa uyilo lwesikrudrayiva esilungele ukuqhuba uhlobo oluthile lwesikrufu.
Phambi kokuba sixoxe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesikrufu olulungele into ethile kuluhlu lwezinto omele uzenze, makhe sithethe malunga nokuba uninzi lwezikrufu lufakwa njani kwezi ntsuku. Ukubamba ngokufanelekileyo, iintloko ze-screw zenzelwe i-screwdriver ethile okanye i-drill.
Thatha, umzekelo, iPhillips Screw yeNkampani yePhillips Screw: Esi sibophelelo sidumileyo sibonwa ngokulula ngu-“+” osentloko yaso kwaye sifuna isikrudrayiva sikaPhillips sokujija. izikrufu zentloko ziye zangena emarikeni, kubandakanywa i-recessed 6- kunye ne-5-point star, i-hex, kunye neentloko zesikwere, kunye noyilo oludityanisiweyo oluhlukeneyo olufana ne-recessed square kunye ne-cross slot. iyahambelana needrili ezininzi eziwela phakathi kweentloko.
Xa uthenga izinto zokuqhobosha zeprojekthi yakho, hlala ukhumbula ukuba kuya kufuneka utshatise uyilo lwentloko yesikrufu kwisikrudrayiva esichanekileyo. Ngethamsanqa, iseti encinci ibandakanya amasuntswana amaninzi ukuze ilingane phantse yonke isayizi yentloko ye-screw kunye nolwakhiwo lolwakhiwo. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-screw drive ziquka:
Ngaphandle kohlobo lwentloko, enye impawu eyahlula izikrufu kukuba ingaba zi-countersunk okanye azikho. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kuhlobo lweprojekthi osebenza kuyo kunye nokuba ufuna ukuba iintloko ze-screw zibe ngaphantsi komgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo.
Ubukhulu be-screw obuqhelekileyo bumiselwa yi-screw shaft diameter, kwaye uninzi lweesayizi ze-screw zifumaneka ngobude obuninzi. Izikrufu ezingekho mgangathweni zikhona, kodwa zidla ngokuphawulelwa injongo ethile (umz. “izikrufu zeglasi”) kunobukhulu. Apha ngezantsi zezona sayizi ziqhelekileyo ze-screw eziqhelekileyo:
Zihlelwa njani iintlobo zezikrufu? Uhlobo lwe-screw (okanye indlela oyithenga ngayo kwivenkile ye-hardware) ngokuqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziza kufakwa kunye ne-screw. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezikrufu ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokuphucula ikhaya.
Izikrufu zokhuni zineentambo ezirhabaxa ezicinezela ngokukhuselekileyo umthi ukuya phezulu kwi-screw shaft, ezantsi nje kwentloko, edla ngokugudiswa. Olu luyilo lubonelela ngoxhulumaniso olungqongqo xa udibanisa ukhuni nemithi.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izikrufu ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba "zii-screws zokwakha". Xa i-screw iphantse iqhutywe ngokupheleleyo, inxalenye egudileyo phezulu kwe-shank ijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo ukukhusela intloko ukuba icinezelwe ngokunzulu kwi-insert. Ngelo xesha, i-threaded incam ye-screw iluma phantsi komthi, idonsa iibhodi ezimbini ngokuqinileyo. Intloko ye-screw ye-screw ivumela ukuba ihlale igungxulwe okanye ngaphantsi komphezulu womthi.
Xa ukhetha izikrufu kwisiseko somthi, khetha ubude obufana nokuba incam yesikrufu singene malunga ne-2/3 yobukhulu beplate yesiseko. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu, uya kufumana izikrufu zokhuni eziyohluka kakhulu ngobubanzi, ukusuka ku-#0 (1/16″ ubukhulu) ukuya ku-#20 (5/16″ ubukhulu).
Obona bukhulu buxhaphakileyo bobungakanani bomthi yi#8 (malunga ne-5/32 ye-intshi ububanzi), kodwa njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ubungakanani besijiva esisebenza ngcono kuwe siyakuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi okanye kumsebenzi owenzayo. Ukugqiba izikrini, umzekelo, zenzelwe ukuncamathisela i-trim kunye nokubumba, ngoko ke iintloko zincinci kunezikhonkwane zomthi eziqhelekileyo; zixutywe kwaye zivumela i-screw ukuba ifakwe ngaphantsi komphezulu womthi, ishiye umngxuma omncinci onokuzaliswa nge-putty yokhuni.
Izikrufu zokhuni ziza kuzo zombini iintlobo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ezi mva zidla ngokufakwa igalvanized okanye ziphathwe nge-zinc ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Abachwephesha basekhaya abasebenza kwiiprojekthi zangaphandle besebenzisa amaplanga aphathwe ngoxinzelelo kufuneka bajonge izikrufu zomthi ezihambelana nealkaline copper quaternary ammonium (ACQ). Azibi nomhlwa xa zisetyenziswa ngamaplanga aphantsi koxinzelelo aphathwe ngemichiza esekwe elubhedu.
Ukufaka izikrufu ngendlela ethintela ukuqhekeka komthi ngokwesiko kufuna ukuba amagcisa asekhaya agqobhoze umngxuma wokulingwa phambi kokufaka izikrufu. Izikrweqe ezibhalwe "self-tapping" okanye "self-drilling" zinenqaku elilinganisa isenzo se-drill, ukwenza imingxuma yangaphambili ibe yinto edlulileyo. Kuba ayizizo zonke izikrufu zizikrufu zokuzicofa, qiniseka ukuba ufunda ukupakishwa kwezikrufu ngononophelo.
Ifanele: ukudibanisa iinkuni emthini, kubandakanywa ukubumba, ukudibanisa ukubumba, kunye nokwenza iincwadi zeencwadi.
Ingcebiso yethu: SPAX #8 2 1/2 ″ I-Thread Zinc Plated Multi-Piece Flat Head Phillips Screws - $ 9.50 kwibhokisi enye yeeponti kwi-Home Depot. Imisonto emikhulu kwizikrufu ibanceda ukuba banqumle emthini kwaye benze uqhagamshelo oluqinileyo noluqinileyo.
Ezi zikrufu zisetyenziselwa kuphela ukuncamathelisa iipaneli ze-drywall kwaye ziyi-1" ukuya kwi-3" ubude. Iintloko zabo “zentsimbi” ziyilelwe ukuba zitshone kancinane kwindawo yepaneli eyomileyo ngaphandle kokukrazula ikhava yephepha elikhuselayo; kungoko igama lentloko yesocket screws. Akukho kugrunjwa kwangaphambili okufunekayo apha; xa ezi zikrufu zokuzicofa zifikelela kwiplanga okanye umqadi, ziqhubela ngqo kuwo. Izikrini ezisemgangathweni zokomisa zilungile ukuncamathelisa iipaneli ze-drywall kwi-framing yomthi, kodwa ukuba ufaka i-drywall kwi-studs yetsimbi, jonga izikhonkwane ze-screw ezenzelwe isinyithi.
PHAWULA. Ukuzifakela, kuya kufuneka kwakhona uthenge i-drywall drill, njengoko ingahlali ifakwe kwisethi eqhelekileyo ye-drills. Oku kuyafana nentwana kaPhillips, kodwa inomsesane omncinci wokulinda okanye "igxalaba" kufutshane nencam ye-drill ukuthintela isikrufu ekubeni sibekwe nzulu kakhulu.
Ukukhetha kwethu: I-Phillips Bugle-Head No. I-drywall anchor screw ene-angled eyandayo imilo ikuvumela ukuba uyijije ngokulula kwi-drywall ngaphandle kokonakalisa ipaneli.
Into yokuqala oya kuyiqaphela malunga nezikrufu ze-masonry (ezaziwa ngokuba "zii-ankile zekhonkrithi") kukuba iingcebiso ezininzi zazo azilawulwa (nangona ezinye zikho). Izikrufu ze-masonry aziyiqhubi eyazo imingxuma, endaweni yoko umsebenzisi kufuneka ewugqobhoze ngaphambili umngxuma phambi kokufaka isikrufu. Ngelixa ezinye izikrufu zamatye zinentloko ye-Phillips, abaninzi baye baphakamisa iintloko ze-hex ezifuna i-bit ekhethekileyo, i-hex efanelekileyo yokufaka.
Jonga iphakheji yezikrufu, zeziphi iibhithi kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo efunekayo ukuze ubhobhoze imingxuma kwangaphambili, uze ubhobhoze imingxuma kwi-ankile. Ukugrunjwa kwangaphambili kufuna i-rock drill, kodwa ezi zikrufu zingasetyenziswa nge-drill bit esemgangathweni.
Ifanelekile: Ukudibanisa umthi okanye isinyithi kwikhonkrithi, umzekelo, ukudibanisa imigangatho yokhuni kwiziseko zekhonkrithi okanye iziseko.
Ingcebiso yethu: Isikrufu esifanelekileyo salo msebenzi yiTapcon 3/8 ″ x 3 ″ I-Diameter enkulu ye-Hex Concrete Anchor - zifumane ezi kwipakethi ye-10 ukusuka kwi-Home Depot nge-21.98 yeedola kuphela. Izikrufu zemasonry zinemisonto emide necolekileyo eyilelwe ukubamba isikrufu kwikhonkrithi.
Izikrufu ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa idekhi okanye "umgangatho wedekhi" kwinkqubo yeplanga yedekhi yenzelwe ukuba imiphezulu yazo igungxulwe okanye ingaphantsi komphezulu womthi. Njengezikrufu zomthi, ezi zikrufu zangaphandle zinemisonto erhabaxa kunye nomphezulu we-shank ogudileyo kwaye zenziwe ukuba zimelane nomhlwa kunye nokuhlwa. Ukuba ufaka umgangatho wokhuni olunyangwa ngoxinzelelo, sebenzisa izikrufu ezihambelanayo ze-ACQ kuphela.
Izikrufu ezininzi zokuhombisa ziyazicofa kwaye ziza kuzo zombini iiPhillips kunye nezikrufu zeNkwenkwezi. Zihamba ngobude ukusuka kwi-1 5/8″ ukuya kwi-4″ kwaye zibhalwe ngokuthe ngqo "Izikrufu zeDekhi" kwipakethe. Abavelisi be-Laminate bacacisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-screws yensimbi engenasici xa befaka iimveliso zabo.
Okona kulungileyo: Ukusebenzisa izikrufu zokuhombisa ukuqhoboshela iipaneli zokunquma kwisixokelelwano sedekhi yomqadi. Ezi zikrufu ze-countersunk aziphakami ngaphezu komgangatho, zizenza ziphelele kwimigangatho ohamba kuyo.
Isincomo sethu: I-Deckmate #10 x 4 ″ I-Red Star Flat Head Deck Screws - Thenga ibhokisi ye-pound ye-1 kwi-Home Depot nge-$ 9.97. Iintloko eziqingqiweyo ze-screws zokuhombisa zenza kube lula ukuzijija kwi-decking.
I-Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) isoloko ifumaneka kumakhaya njenge-trim yangaphakathi efana neebhodi zebhodi kunye nokubumba, kunye nokwakhiwa kwezinye iikhabhathi zeencwadi kunye neeshelufu ezifuna ukuhlanganiswa. I-MDF inzima kunomthi oqinileyo kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukugrumba ngezikrufu zomthi eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Kukho iinketho ezimbini ezishiyekileyo: vula imingxuma yokulinga kwi-MDF kwaye usebenzise izikrufu zomthi eziqhelekileyo, okanye unciphise ixesha lomsebenzi kwaye usebenzise izikrufu zokuzicofa kwi-MDF. Izikrufu ze-MDF zinobukhulu obufanayo kunye nezikrufu zomthi eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinentloko ye-torx, kodwa ukuyila kwazo kuphelisa isidingo sokuqhekeka kunye nokubhoboza imingxuma yokulinga.
KAKHULU KULO: Ukuze ugweme ukugrumba imingxuma yokulinga xa ufaka i-MDF, sebenzisa izikrufu ze-MDF, ukusombulula iingxaki zombini zokubhola kunye nokufaka izikrufu.
Ingcebiso yethu: I-SPAX #8 x 1-3 / 4″ T-Star Plus Partial Thread Galvanized MDF Screws - Fumana ibhokisi ye-200 ye-$ 6.97 kwi-Home Depot. Incam ye-screw ye-MDF ine-drill encinci kune-drill eqhelekileyo, ngoko ibhobhoza umngxuma we-screw xa ifakiwe.
Xa uthenga izikrufu, uya kuqaphela amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo: ezinye zichaza ezona zikrufu zilungileyo zohlobo oluthile lwemathiriyeli (umzekelo, izikrufu zomthi), kwaye ezinye zibhekisa kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezikrufu ezimelana nokuqhekeza. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uninzi lwe-DIYers luqhelana nezinye iindlela zokuchonga nokuthenga izikrufu:
Ngelixa abanye abantu basebenzisa amagama athi "i-screw" kunye ne "bolt" ngokutshintshanayo, ezi zibophelelo zahluke kakhulu. Izikrufu zineentambo eziluma emthini okanye kwezinye izinto kwaye zenze uxhulumaniso oluqinileyo. I-bolt ingafakwa kumngxuma okhoyo, i-nut iyadingeka kwelinye icala lezinto eziphathekayo ukuze ubambe i-bolt endaweni. Izikhonkwane zidla ngokuba zifutshane kunezinto ezenziweyo, ngelixa iibholiti zide ukuze zifakwe kwiintongomane.
Kwii-DIYers ezininzi zasekhaya, inani kunye neentlobo zezikrufu ezikhoyo zinokubonakala zininzi, kodwa zonke zinosetyenziso lwazo. Ukongeza ekwazini ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bezikhonkwane eziqhelekileyo, kuyanceda ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezikrufu ezifumanekayo kwizicelo ezithile, ezifana nezikrufu zentsimbi okanye izikrufu ze-spectacle.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-DIYers ukuba ikhunjulwe xa kuthengwa izikrufu kuhambelana nohlobo lwentloko ye-screw kwi-screwdriver. Kwakhona akuyi kunceda ukuthenga izikrufu ze-tamper ukuba awunazo abaqhubi abafanelekileyo ukuba uzisebenzise.
Imarike ye-fasteners inkulu kwaye ikhula njengoko abavelisi bephuhlisa izikrufu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezingcono kunye ne-screwdrivers kwizicelo ezithile. Abo bafunda iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zezinto zokubopha banokuba nemibuzo. Nazi iimpendulo zeyona mibuzo idumileyo.
Kukho intaphane yeentlobo zezikrufu, ezahlukeneyo ngobubanzi, ubude kunye nenjongo. Zombini izikhonkwane kunye nezikrufu zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Izikrufu zeTorx zinentloko-hex, zinokuba zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle, kwaye zifuna i-screwdriver yeTorx efanelekileyo ukuyifaka kunye nokususa.
Ezi zikrufu, ezifana nezikrufu ze-Confast, ziyilelwe ukuba ziqhutywe kwikhonkrithi kwaye zinemisonto etshintshanayo emnyama kunye nekhaphukhaphu, ethathwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo yokulungiswa kwikhonkrithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziluhlaza kwaye zineentloko ze-Phillip screw.
Izikrufu zentloko ye-pan zifumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kwaye zinendawo encinci yokubhola (endaweni ye-screw point) ngoko akukho mfuneko yokubhoboza imingxuma yokuqhuba ngaphambi kokufaka i-fastener.
Ezi zikrufu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwekhaya kunye neeprojekthi zokuvuselela. Zenziwe ngentsimbi eyomeleleyo yokucheba kwaye ziza neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentloko ze-screw.